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1999 真题阅读#

目录#

1. 完形填空#

  1. Alive

  2. adj. 活着的, 在世的, 存在的

  3. 有活力的, 活跃的, 有生气的

Phrase

Keep alive

  • 保持生机；使...活着
  • 使继续有效、存在或进行

Eg. Companies with low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them alive and active.

  1. How不能接定语从句

who/that/which/whom/whose/where可以作为关系代词修饰定语从句，how不能修饰定语从句

Eg. When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operations is established where time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.

  1. Aggravate

  2. vt. 使恶化, 使更严重

  3. 激怒, 使恼火

Eg. Others stress safe work practices by Aggravating rules or regulations.

  1. Proclamation

n. 宣布,声明,公告

Syn

Claim

  • vt. 声称, 断言
  • (灾难等)使失踪或死亡
  • 需要, 值得
  • vt. & vi. 对…提出要求, 索取
  • n. 主张, 断言
  • 要求

Eg. The fewer the injury claim, the better the workman’s insurance rate.

The injury claim 工伤索赔

  1. Benefit & Profit

Benefit

  • vt. & vi. 有益于, 得益
  • n. 益处, 好处
  • 救济金, 保险金

Profit

  • n. 利润；利益
  • vi. 有益；获利
  • vt. 有益于

Eg. This may mean the difference between operating at profit or at a loss.

At profit 盈利

2. 阅读理解#

2.1. Passage 1#

  1. Doormat

  2. n. 门垫；擦鞋垫

Eg. It’s a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat.

  1. Stepladder

  2. n. 活梯

Eg. Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might -- surprise! -- fall off.

  1. Defendant

  2. n. 被告

Eg. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn’t have changed anything.

  1. Substantial

  2. adj. 坚固的; 结实的

  3. 大量的, 可观的
  4. 重大的, 重要的

  5. 实质的, 基本的, 大体上的

  6. Tort

  7. n. 侵权行为

  8. bombard

  9. vt. 轰炸；炮击

  10. n. 射石炮

Eg. At the same time, the American Law Institute -- a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight -- issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.

  1. Triviality

  2. n. 平凡;琐屑的事物;无聊的事

  3. (人的)浅薄;轻浮

Eg. “Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,” says a law professor at Cornell law School who helped draft the new guidelines.

2.2. Passage 2#

  1. Revolve

  2. vt. & vi. (使)旋转

  3. 细想

Eg. In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market.

  1. Nonetheless

  2. adv. 虽然如此,但是

Eg. Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability.

  1. Transmit

  2. vt. & vi. 发射, 播送, 广播

  3. vt. 传播, 传染
  4. 传导

Eg. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “push” information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.

  1. Notably

  2. adv. 显著地；尤其

Eg. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers’ computer monitors.

  1. Screen Saver

  2. n. 屏幕保护程序；视屏闲置画面

Eg. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers’ computer monitors.

  1. Contempt

  2. n. 轻视，蔑视；耻辱

Eg. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users.

  1. Prospect

  2. n. 景象, 景色

  3. 前景; 前途
  4. 可能成为主顾的人; 有希望的候选人

  5. vi. 勘探; 勘察

  6. Horrify

  7. vt. 使震惊, 使感到恐怖

  8. Purist

  9. n. 纯化论者，力求纯化的人

Eg. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That’s a prospect that horrifies Net purists.

  1. Inevitable

  2. adj. 不可避免的, 必然发生的

  3. 〈非正〉总会发生的, 照例必有的, 惯常的

  4. Resort

  5. vt. 使再分开

Eg. But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money.

  1. Hospitality

  2. n. 殷勤, 好客

  3. (提供给客人的)食宿招待

Eg. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.

  1. Plunge

  2. n. 投入；跳进

  3. vi. 投入；跳进；陷入
  4. vt. 使陷入；使投入；使插入

Eg. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.

2.3. Passage 3#

  1. Radical

  2. adj. 根本的, 基本的; 彻底的, 完全的

  3. 激进的, 激进派的

Eg. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.

  1. Forsake

  2. vt. 放弃；断念

Eg. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook.

  1. Vocational

  2. adj. 职业的, 为职业做准备的

Eg. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-education advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement.

  1. Presumptuous

  2. adj. 自以为是的,专横的;冒失的

  3. adv. 自以为是地,专横地;冒失地
  4. n. 自以为是,专横;冒失

Eg. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants.

  1. Dubiously

  2. adv. 可疑地,怀疑地

Eg. The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is dubiously oriented.

  1. Auxiliary

  2. adj. 辅助的, 补充的; 备用的

Eg. According to the author, basic computer skills should be included as an auxiliary course in school.

2.4. Passage 4#

  1. Panel

  2. n. 仪表板；嵌板；座谈小组，全体陪审员

  3. vt. 嵌镶板

Eg. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment -- although no one had proposed to do so -- and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.

  1. Feverishly

  2. adv. 发热地

  3. 狂热地;兴奋地

Eg. That group -- the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) -- has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations.

  1. Narrowly

  2. adv. 狭窄地

  3. 勉强地
  4. 严密地;仔细地

Eg. But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells -- routine in molecular biology.

  1. Consensus

  2. n. (意见等)一致, 一致同意

Eg. In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be “morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning.”

  1. Stem

  2. n. (花草的)茎, (树木的)干

  3. 词干
  4. vt. 遏制阻止

Eg. Shapiro explained during the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child.

  1. Nuclei

  2. n. 核心，核子；原子核（nucleus的复数形式）

Eg. NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child.

  1. Embryo

(GRE)

  • n. [动]胚胎；[植]胚芽；初期
  • adj. 初期的；胚胎的

Eg. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo’s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.

2.5. Passage 5#

  1. Preparedness

  2. n. 有准备,已准备

Eg. Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.

  1. Substitute

  2. vt. & vi. 代替, 替换, 代用

Eg. In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought.

  1. Conference

  2. n. 会议

  3. 讨论, 商谈

  4. Advisability

  5. n. 明智

Eg. I’ve attended research conferences where a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment.

  1. Inconclusive

  2. adj. 非决定性的,无结果的

  3. adv. 非决定性地,无结果地
  4. n. 非决定性,无结果

Eg. The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said “the data are still inconclusive.”

  1. Regularity

  2. n. 规则性,规律性,一致性

  3. 端正,整齐,匀称
  4. 有规律的事物

  5. 正规;经常,定期

  6. Conformity

  7. n. 依照, 遵从; 符合, 一致

Eg. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”

  1. Speculate

  2. vt. & vi. 思索; 猜测, 推测

  3. vi. 投机

Eg. The scientist has been shocked at having even been asked to speculate.

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