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1998 真题阅读#

目录#

1. 完形填空#

  1. Plain

  2. n. 平原

  3. adj. 清晰的; 明白的
  4. 朴素的; 简单的; 平常的
  5. 坦白的, 坦率的, 真诚的
  6. 完全的; 十足的; 彻底的

Eg. The book is written in plain English.

  1. Prompt

  2. adj. 敏捷的，迅速的；立刻的

  3. vt. 促进；激起；提示；（给演员）提白
  4. n. 提示；付款期限；DOS命令：改变DOS系统提示符的风格
  5. adv. 准时地

Eg. In business, a prompt reply is imperative.

  1. Bulk

  2. n. 体积，容量；大块；大多数，大部分

  3. vt. 使扩大，使形成大量；使显得重要

The bulk of = The majority of 大多数，大部分

Eg. But they insisted that its immediate results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the bulk of the English population.

  1. Host

  2. n. 主人；主机；主持人；许多

  3. vt. 主持；当主人招待
  4. vi. 做主人；群集

A host of = Hosts of 许多

  1. Gross

  2. adj. 总共的；粗野的；恶劣的；显而易见的

  3. vt. 总共收入
  4. n. 总额，总数

Gross 做名词时，可表示一罗（12打，144个），如 two grosses of bananas。

  1. Thoroughly

  2. adv. 彻底地;认真仔细地

  3. 完全地;非常,极其

Eg. These cups have been thoroughly wiped out.

  1. Manifest

  2. vt. 证明，表明；显示

  3. vi. 显示，出现
  4. n. 旅客名单；载货单，货单
  5. adj. 明白的；显然的，明显的

Manifest in/about 或 that 从句，指某种情感、态度或品质的显示。

Eg. He doesn't manifest much interest in his his studies.

  1. Speculate

  2. vt. & vi. 思索; 猜测, 推测

  3. vi. 投机

Speculate on 表推测、思索

Eg. I have been speculating on my future.

  1. Note

  2. n. 笔记；注解；便笺；照会；音符；调子；票据；纸币

  3. vt. 记录；注意；注解

was noted for/as 因 ... 而著名

  1. Impress

  2. vt. 给…以深刻印象, 使铭记

  3. 印, 压印

  4. Label

  5. vt. 标注；贴标签于

  6. n. 标签；商标；签条

was labeled as 被视为 ...，被称作 ...

  1. Mark

  2. n. 马克；符号；痕迹；标志

  3. vi. 作记号
  4. vt. 做标记于；打分数；标志

was marked by 具有 ... 的特征

2. Passage 1#

  1. At the mercy of

  2. 在...支配下，任由...摆布

  3. Bid

  4. vt. 投标；出价；吩咐；表示

  5. vi. 投标；吩咐
  6. n. 出价；叫牌；努力争取

Eg. Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.

  1. Assert

  2. vt. 断言；主张；声称；维护，坚持

Eg. It doesn’t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves.

  1. Cement

  2. n. 水泥

  3. 接合剂, 黏合物
  4. vt. 在…上抹水泥
  5. 粘牢
  6. 巩固, 加强

Eg. Egypt’s leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey’s bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.

  1. Deprive

  2. vt. 剥夺, 夺去, 使丧失

  3. Fertile

  4. adj. 多产的, 富饶的

Fertilize

  • vt. 施肥
  • adj. 可施肥的;可受精的

  • n. 施肥

  • Silt

  • n. 淤泥，泥沙；煤粉；残渣

  • vi. 淤塞，充塞；为淤泥堵塞
  • vt. 使淤塞；充塞

Eg. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left -- all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.

  1. Myth

  2. n. 神话；虚构的人，虚构的事

Eg. And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists.

  1. Stop short of

  2. 差一点就

  3. Send in

  4. 呈报，提出, 递送

本周，在文明欧洲的心脏地带，斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人在争夺多瑙河上的一座水坝​​时差点儿就动用了军队。

  1. Contention

  2. n. 竞争, 争夺

  3. 争论, 争执
  4. 论点, 主张

Eg. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.

  1. Hydroelectric

  2. adj. 水力发电的

  3. Irrigation

  4. n. 灌溉,冲洗

Eg. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams.

3. Passage 2#

  1. Tale

  2. n. 故事；传说；叙述；流言蜚语

  3. Revival

  4. n. 复活；复兴；恢复精神；苏醒；再生效

Eg. Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival.

  1. Preside

  2. vi. 主持，担任会议主席

  3. vt. 管理

Eg. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.

  1. Lump

  2. n. 块，块状；肿块；瘤；很多；笨人

  3. vt. 使成块状；混在一起；忍耐；笨重地移动
  4. vi. 结块
  5. adj. 成团的；总共的
  6. adv. 很；非常

Eg. The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987.

  1. Disjunct

  2. adj. 分离的；[动]头、胸和腹部由缢缩分开的

Disjunction

  • n. 分离

  • Leap

  • vi. 跳，跳跃

  • n. 跳跃；飞跃
  • vt. 跳跃，跳过；使跃过

Eg. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.

  1. Downsize

  2. vt. 以较小尺寸设计；缩小尺寸；裁减人数

  3. Joint

  4. n. 关节；接合处，接合点；接缝；（牛，羊等的腿）大块肉

  5. adj. 联合的，合办的；共同的；连接的
  6. vt. 连接，贴合；接合；使有接头
  7. vi. 贴合；生节

Eg. New ways of organizing the workplace -- all that re-engineering and downsizing -- are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.

  1. Speculate

  2. vt. & vi. 思索; 猜测, 推测

  3. vi. 投机

Speculative

  • adj. 思考的,思索的,推测出的
  • 投机的,投机生意的
  • 带着疑问的；好奇的
  • adv. 思考地,思索地
  • 投机地
  • n. 思考,思索

  • 投机

  • Ineptly

  • adv. 不适当地；无能地

Eg. Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.

  1. Crude

  2. adj. 粗糙的；粗鲁的；天然的，未加工的；粗略的

  3. n. 天然的物质；原油

Eg. Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “re-engineering” has been crude.

  1. Mechanistic

  2. adj. 机械论学说的,机械论的

  3. Chop

  4. n. 砍；排骨；商标；[网]削球

  5. vt. 剁碎；砍

Eg. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.

  1. Blunter

  2. adj. 钝的，不锋利的；生硬的；直率的

  3. vt. 使迟钝

  4. Ambulance

  5. n. 救护车

  6. Chase

  7. vt. 追逐；追捕；试图赢得；雕镂

  8. vi. 追赶；追逐；奔跑
  9. n. 追逐；追赶；追击

Eg. BBDO’s Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish -- “the worst sort of ambulance chasing.”

Ambulance chasing 原指“怂恿事故受伤者起诉”，这里指“于事无补、劳而无获”

4. Passage 3#

  1. Deepen

  2. vt. & vi. 变深, 加深

Eg. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.

  1. Notably

  2. adv. 显著地；尤其

  3. Superstition

  4. n. 迷信, 迷信行为

  5. Haunt

  6. vt. 经常出没于

  7. 缠绕, 萦绕
  8. n. 某人常去的地方

Eg. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “anti-science” in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.

  1. Assemble

  2. vt. 集合，聚集；装配；收集

  3. vi. 集合，聚集

Eg. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason,” held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Mis) information,” which assembled last June near Buffalo.

  1. Creationism

  2. n. 创造宇宙说,特别创造说

Eg. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.

  1. Reveals

  2. vt. 显示; 露出

  3. 泄露; 透露

  4. Eliminate

  5. vt. 消除, 排除

  6. 忽略
  7. 淘汰

Elimination

  • n. 排除;除去,根除
  • 淘汰

Eg. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.

  1. Dispute

  2. vt. 辩论；阻止；抗拒；怀疑

  3. vi. 争论

  4. n. 辩论；争吵

  5. Manifesto

  6. n. 宣言

Eg. Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia.

  1. Depletion

  2. n. 消耗;用尽

  3. Epithet

  4. n. (表示性质、特征等的)词语

Eg. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.

  1. Separation

  2. n. 分离,分开,隔开

  3. 分居
  4. n. 主张脱离〔分裂〕者

Eg. Separation from her friends made her very sad.

5. Passage 4#

  1. Emerge

  2. vi. 出现; 显出; 暴露

  3. Census

  4. vt. 实施统计调查

  5. n. 人口普查，人口调查

  6. Standstill

  7. n. 静止状态;停顿

Eg. Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.

  1. Enthrone

  2. vt. 使登基；立…为王；任为主教；崇拜

  3. vi. 热心

  4. Prevail

  5. vi. 说服, 劝说; 诱使

  6. 盛行, 流行
  7. 获胜; 占优势

Eg. This development -- and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead -- has enthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation’s head counting.

  1. Attribute

  2. vt. 认为…是; 归因于…

  3. 认为某作品出自某人之手
  4. 认为某事[物]属于某人[物]
  5. n. 属性, 特性

Eg. Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow belt, census officials say.

  1. Crop

  2. n. 农作物；庄稼；产量；平头

  3. vt. 种植；收割；修剪；剪短
  4. vi. 收获

Eg. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too -- and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday’s “baby boom” generation reached its child bearing years.

  1. Dramatize

  2. vt. 将(小说或事件)改编成剧本

  3. vt. & vi. 使(事情)戏剧化, 夸张, 突出

  4. Spacious

  5. adj. 宽敞的，广阔的；无边无际的

  6. Plague

  7. n. 瘟疫

  8. vt. 使染瘟疫

Eg. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.

1980年的人口调查数据表明，没有哪个地方比美国最西部更能体现美国人寻找更广阔的生存空间的想法。

  1. Considerably

  2. adv. 相当,非常,颇

Eg. As a result, California’s growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percent -- little more than two thirds the 1960s’ growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.

  1. Unanimously

  2. adv. 无异议地;全体一致地

Eg. Cities with better climates benefited unanimously from migration.

6. Passage 5#

  1. Scatter

  2. vi. 分散，散开；散射

  3. vt. 使散开，使分散；使散射；使散播，使撒播

  4. n. 分散；散播，撒播

  5. Volcano

  6. n. 火山

Eg. Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.

  1. Drift

  2. n. 漂流，漂移；漂流物；趋势

  3. vi. 漂流，漂移；漂泊

  4. vt. 使…漂流；使…受风吹积

  5. Interior

  6. n. 内部

  7. 内地
  8. adj. 内部的

  9. 内地的, 国内的

  10. Plate

  11. n. 盘子, 碟

  12. 金属牌
  13. 平板, 薄片
  14. vt. 镀, 电镀

Eg. Unlike most of the world’s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth’s surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.

  1. Dispute

  2. vt. 辩论；阻止；抗拒；怀疑

  3. vi. 争论
  4. n. 辩论；争吵

Eg. That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute.

  1. Stationary

  2. adj. 不动的; 静止的

  3. Continent

  4. n. 洲, 大陆

  5. adj. 自制的, 克制的

Eg. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it.

  1. Anchor

  2. n. 锚

  3. 给人安全感的物(或人)
  4. vt. 抛锚
  5. 担任(电视节目等的)主持人
  6. vt. & vi. (把…)系住, (使)固定

Eg. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question.

  1. Dome

  2. n. 圆屋顶

  3. 像圆屋顶一样的东西

  4. Fissure

  5. n. 狭长裂缝或裂隙;裂伤;分歧; 分裂

  6. vt. & vi. 裂开

Eg. As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.

  1. Mutability

  2. n. 易变性,性情不定

Eg. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability (inconstancy).

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