1997 真题阅读

目录

• 1997 真题阅读
  • 目录
  • 1. 完形填空
  • 2. Passage 1
  • 3. Passage 2
  • 4. Passage 3
  • 5. Passage 4
  • 6. Passage 5

1. 完形填空

1. Swarm

2. vi. 挤满；成群浮游；云集

3. n. 蜂群；一大群
4. vt. 挤满；爬

Eg. Every morning, its people swarm into the office and factories of American, seeking a day's work for a day's pay.

Phrase

• swarm of 大群
• swarm into 涌入

• swarm with 充满；挤满

• Fundamental

• adj. 基本的; 重要的, 必要的

• n. 基本原则, 基本法则

Fundamentally

• adv. 基础地;根本地;重要地

Eg. The "disposable" work force is the most important trend in American business today, and it is fundamentally changing the relationship between people and their jobs.

1. Impose

2. vi. 欺骗；利用；施加影响

3. vt. 强加；以…欺骗；征税

Eg. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive while avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens imposed by employment rules, health care costs and pension plans.

1. Confine

2. n. 界限，边界

3. vt. 限制；禁闭

Eg. He is confined to the house by illness.

2. Passage 1

1. Parliamentary

2. adj. 议会的,国会的

3. Incurable

4. adj. 无法治愈的,不可救药的

5. n. 无法治愈,不可救药
6. adv. 无法治愈地,不可救药地

Incurably

• adv. 治不好地,不能矫正地

Eg. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.

1. Take a while

2. 需要一段时间

Syn. takes time 需要时间

Eg. The full import may take a while to sink in. = It takes time to realize the significance of the law's passage.

1. Physicians

2. n. 医生, 内科医生

3. Leave sb to do sth

4. 让某人一直做某事

5. Alike

6. adj. 同样的, 相像的

7. adv. 同样地

Eg. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications.

《北领地晚期病人权利法案》使得医生和普通市民都试图去探索其道德和实际意义。

1. Church

2. n. 教堂；礼拜；教派

3. adj. 教会的；礼拜的
4. vt. 领…到教堂接受宗教仪式

Churches

• n. 教会，教堂（church复数形式）

• Haste

• n. 匆忙；急忙；轻率

• vi. 匆忙；赶紧
• vt. 赶快

Eg. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage.

1. Resident

2. adj. 定居的; 常驻的

3. n. 居民

4. (旅馆的)住宿者

5. Haunt

6. vt. 经常出没于

7. 缠绕, 萦绕
8. n. 某人常去的地方

Eg. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition.

3. Passage 2

1. Diversion

2. n. 转移, 转向

3. 娱乐, 消遣
4. 临时绕行路
5. 分散注意力

Eg. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.

1. Harsh

2. adj. 粗糙的；刺耳的；严厉的；严酷的；刺目的

3. 比较级: harsher, harshest
4. 副词: harshly

5. 名词: harshness

6. Frontier

7. n. 边界, 边境

8. 开发地区的边缘, 边远地区
9. 尚待开发的领域, 尖端

Eg. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality.

1. Settlement

2. n. 解决, 和解, 协议

3. 定居，定居点，住所

Eg. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.

1. Charitable

2. adj. 行善的,慷慨施舍的

3. 慈善的,仁爱的

4. Impulse

5. n. 冲动；脉冲；刺激；推动力；神经冲动

6. vt. 推动

Eg. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers.

1. Weary

2. adj. 疲倦的；厌烦的；令人厌烦的

3. vi. 厌烦；疲倦
4. vt. 使疲倦；使厌烦

Eg. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler.

1. Trail

2. vt. & vi. (使某物)被拖在后面

3. vt. 跟踪, 追踪
4. vi. (在比赛等中)输, 失败
5. n. 足迹; 臭迹

Eg. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails.

1. Interpret

2. vt. 解释; 说明

3. vt. & vi. 口译; 翻译

4. Superficial

5. adj. 表面(上)的; 表皮的

6. 肤浅的, 浅薄的; 缺乏深度的

7. Artificial

8. adj. 人造的, 人工的, 假的

Eg. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.

1. Convention

2. n. (某一职业、政党等的人士召开的)大会

3. 习俗, 惯例

4. 协议, 协定

5. Underlie

6. vt. 位于或存在于(某物)之下

7. 构成…的基础(或起因); 引起

8. Interrelationship

9. n. 相互关系

Eg. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.

同任何发达国家一样，在美国，一系列复杂的文化标志、假设和习俗成为所有社会关系的基础。

1. Virtue

2. n. 美德, 德行

3. 优点, 长处

Eg. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.

4. Passage 3

1. Tobacco

2. n. 烟草, 烟叶

Eg. They don’t realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs.

1. Neutral

2. adj. 中立的，中性的；中立国的；非彩色的

3. n. 中立国；中立者；非彩色；齿轮的空档

Eg. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists.

1. Pervasive

2. adj. 无处不在的;遍布的;充斥各处的

3. adv. 无处不在地;遍布地
4. n. 无处不在;遍布

Eg. We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive.

1. Excess

2. n. 无节制；过度，过量；超过，超额

3. adj. 额外的，过量的；附加的

In Excess 过量

1. Perceptual

2. adj. 知觉的,有知觉的

3. Distortion

4. n. 变形；[物] 失真；扭曲；曲解

Eg. First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions.

1. Symptoms

2. n. 症状；症候

Eg. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.

1. Perception

2. n. 感知(能力); 觉察(力)

3. 认识, 观念, 看法

Eg. Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances.

1. Stimulant

2. n. 兴奋剂；刺激物；酒精饮料

3. adj. 激励的；使人兴奋的

4. depressants

5. adj. 有镇静作用的

6. n. 镇静剂

Eg. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens.

1. Radical

2. adj. 根本的, 基本的; 彻底的, 完全的

3. 激进的, 激进派的

Radically

• adv. 根本地;彻底地;完全地

• 激进地;极端地

• Conscious

• adj. 神志清醒的

• 意识到的; 注意到的
• 自觉的; 蓄意的

Consciousness

• n. 知觉
• 意识, 观念, 觉悟
• 察觉, 感觉

Eg. These are the substances often called psychedelic ( from the Greek word meaning "mind-manifesting" ) because they seemed to radically alter one’s state of consciousness.

5. Passage 4

1. Manifest

2. vt. 证明，表明；显示

3. vi. 显示，出现
4. n. 旅客名单；载货单，货单
5. adj. 明白的；显然的，明显的

Manifestation

• n. 显示；表现；示威运动

Eg. At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990.

1. Corporate

adj. 公司的，企业的，社团的， 法人的

Eg. It’s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.

1. Flap

2. vt. & vi. (使)上下左右移动

3. 轻拍
4. vi. 焦急, 焦虑
5. n. 片状垂悬物
6. 拍打, 拍击
7. 激动, 慌乱状态

Eg. The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him.

人们对说唱音乐的焦虑并没有使他的日子变得好过。

1. Defend

2. vt. 防护；辩护

3. vi. 防守；保卫

4. On the ground of

5. 根据...

6. 基于...理由

Eg. Levin has consistently defended the company’s rap music on the grounds of expression.

1. Outlet

2. n. 出口, 出路

3. 发泄的途径
4. 经销店

Eg. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T’s violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet.

1. Disputable

2. adj. 可争辩的;可商榷的;有争议的

3. Irritate

4. vt. 激怒；刺激，使兴奋

5. vi. 引起恼怒，引起不愉快

Irritating

• adj. 气人的, 使人不愉快的

• <医>起刺激作用的

• Latitude

• n. 纬度；界限；活动范围

Eg. “The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won’t retreat in the face of any threats.”

他在《华尔街日报》的专栏文章中写道：“对任何民主社会的考验，都不在于它能否很好地控制表达，而是在于它能否赋予思想和表达自由以最大的自由度，但是有时可能会引起争议或令人不快。面对任何威胁，我们都不会退缩。”

1. Extent

2. n. 长度, 面积, 范围

3. 程度, 限度

Eg. Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent.

1. Objectionable

2. adj. <正>令人不快的;令人反感的;讨厌的

Eg. But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.

1. The First Amendment

2. 美国宪法第一修正案;

Amendment

• n. 修改, 改动;修正案

“Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,” says Luce.

6. Passage 5

1. Steer

2. vt. & vi. 驾驶, 掌舵

Steering

• n. 掌舵；操纵；指导

• v. 驾驶；掌舵（steer的ing形式）

• Inflate

• vt. 使充气；使通货膨胀

• vi. 膨胀；充气

Inflation

• n. (充气而引起的)膨胀
• 通货膨胀（率）

Eg. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain.

1. Analogy

2. n. 类似, 相似

3. 类推, 类推法

4. Liken

5. vt. 把…比作；比拟

6. Crack

7. vt. & vi. (使…)开裂, 破裂

8. (使)身体上或精神上垮掉
9. 打开, 砸开
10. (使)发出爆裂声

11. n. 裂缝, 缝隙

12. Faulty

13. adj. 有错误的, 有缺点的; 出毛病的

Eg. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.

1. Boast

2. n. 自吹自擂, 自夸的话

3. vt. & vi. 自夸
4. vt. 有(引以为荣的事物)

Eg. Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late.

1. Poll

2. n. 民意测验；投票；投票数；投票所

3. vt. 剪短；对…进行民意测验；获得选票；投票
4. vi. 投票
5. adj. 剪过毛的；修过枝的；无角的

Eg. It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America’s inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995.

1. Conventional

2. adj. 依照惯例的, 约定俗成的, 依照传统的

3. 常规的, 非核的

4. Slack

5. adj. 松(弛)的

6. 清淡的, 不活跃的
7. 懈怠的, 马虎的
8. vt. & vi. 懈怠; 偷懒
9. 减速; 放松
10. n. (绳索等)松弛部分
11. 宽松裤

Eg. Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack.

英美两国有利的通胀数据使经济学家无比诧异，因为传统计量方法表明两国的经济，特别使美国的经济几乎没有出现生产萧条。

1. Defective

2. adj. 有错误的,有缺陷的;不完美的,有瑕疵的

Eg. Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective.

1. Upend

2. v. 颠倒,倒放

Eg. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.